Quadratic Launch is an ecosystem launch approach that combines quadratic funding and Initial DEX Offering (IDO). Unlike quadratic funding, donors in Quadratic Launch receive tokens in proportion to their donation amount. This makes the launch of ecosystem-based products more efficient. Our Quadratic Launch has made many optimizations based on Gitcoin, so it is necessary to start with the definition of public goods.

Tragedy of the Commons

Public Goods and Common Resources

Competitiveness and excludability are concepts used in economics to describe the characteristics of resources. In this framework, public goods and common resources can be placed in the quadrants of competitiveness and excludability to better understand their characteristics.

1. Rivalrous: Refers to resources whose use is limited by competition, where one person's use reduces the availability for others.
2. Non-rivalrous: Refers to resources whose use is not limited by competition, where one person's use does not reduce the availability for others.
3. Excludable: Refers to resources whose use can be restricted, allowing only those who pay or meet specific conditions to use them.
4. Non-excludable: Refers to resources whose use cannot be restricted, allowing anyone to use them freely.

Now let's place public goods and common resources in the quadrants of competitiveness and excludability:

• Public Goods: Public goods have the characteristics of non-rivalry and non-excludability. They are resources that are not limited by competition and cannot be excluded from others' use. Typical examples of public goods include national defense, public broadcasting, and natural landscapes.
• Common Resources: Common resources have the characteristics of rivalry and non-excludability. They are resources that are limited by competition but cannot be excluded from others' use. Typical examples of common resources include forests, fishing grounds, and air.

Ambiguity in the Definition of Public Goods

The definition of public goods is influenced by many factors:

1. Some private goods can be considered public goods within specific groups. For example, snacks provided by a company can be considered public goods for its employees but private goods for people outside the company.
2. Ideas and cultural influences also play a role. For example, the status of anti-poverty as a public good is debated. Some argue that it benefits everyone, including the wealthy, and should be considered a public good, while others believe it holds no value for the wealthy and therefore does not fall under public goods.
3. The specific usage context can also alter the nature of goods. For example, a road can be considered a public good in non-congested periods but a common resource during peak congestion.

The definition of public goods becomes particularly evident in quadratic funding, where it becomes challenging to determine whether a project belongs to the category of public goods.

Quadratic Funding

What is Quadratic Funding

Quadratic voting is a voting mechanism where each participant can allocate votes to options based on their preferences, using the square of the number of votes as a way to express stronger preferences. This means that if someone casts two votes, it requires four times the cost. This mechanism allows individuals to more accurately express the importance of different options, rather than simply using one vote to choose one option.